[The clinical characteristics of psychogenias in dental practice]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti psikhogenii v stomatologicheskoi praktike.

A total of 90 stomatological patients were subjected to clinico-psychopathological examinations. Of these, 70 were therapeutic and 20 orthodontic ones. The functional stomatological diseases in the form of stomatalgias were revealed in all the patients suffering from neurasthenia, neurotic depression, neurotic development of the personality as well as from psychopathy decompensation. The hypochondriac syndrome was marked by senestopathic and algesic disorders and in some cases, by anxious-phobic disturbances. Associated stomatalgias and neurotic symptomatology resulted in the lingering course and unfavourable dynamics of neuroses. The origin of stomatalgias in psychopathic personalities was accompanied by its decompensation, leading not infrequently to the development of the litigious and quarrelsome personality.

Predatory - prey relationships in subtropical zooplankton: water mite against cladocerans in an Argentine lake.

In a small lake in northern Argentina pelagic water mite Piona sp. had the maximum of population density in January following with a five-day delay after the peak of zooplankton dominant - Daphnia laevis. The mite density was highly predicted by the previous variations of Daphnia density during 4 months of observation (December-March). Daphnia density was a negative delayed function of the predator density but only in December-January when Piona was abundant. During that period Daphnia death rate, d was also correlated with the mite density (r 2=0.80, P<0.005). In laboratory experiments water mites killed 1-7 Daphnia · predator-1 · hour-1 in a broad range of prey density. Another zooplankton component, Diaphanosoma birgei, was consumed at the same rates. The mite hardly consumed any copepods. In the pelagium during 24 hours the mite was more associated with Daphnia, than with Diaphanosoma, probably, because of the coincidence in photoreactions with Daphnia. Piona contribution to the death rates of its prey estimated by using the data on functional and numerical responses as well as by means of Edmondson-Paloheimo model, could reach 53% for Daphnia and 40% for Diaphanosoma. A computer experiment on the reconstruction of prey dynamics after subtraction of predator influence showed that the mite could have caused a depression in Daphnia numbers observed in the lake, but the declines in Diaphanosoma population were caused by other factors. After the "removal" of mite pressure model Daphnia population increased its average density 10-fold. Experiments on Piona feeding revealed a strong effect of interference among predators. This was eliminated by putting one mite per experimental vessel, which led to a 20-fold increase in predation rate. The effect explains the low feeding rates of Piona obtained by the previous authors who ignored the possibility of interference.

[Clinical characteristics of neurotic and neurosis-like states in patients with acute myocardial infarct]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti nevroticheskikh i nevrozopodobnykh sostoianii u bol'nykh ostrym infarktom miokarda.

Investigated were 400 patients with first acute myocardial infarction. Borderline psychic disorders were detected in all the patients: neurotic--in 150 and neurosis-like--in 250. In the former group psychogenic reactions to the disease prevailed, and in the latter the responses were primarily somatogenic. Leading syndromes were: astheno-depressive (170 patients), anxio-phobic (190), anxio-hypochondriac (75), hystero-hypochondriac (55), obsessive-hypochondriac (10). Clinical features of these disorders were discussed along with the issues of their differentiation and treatment.

Effect of competition on the demography of planktonic cladocerans - Daphnia and Diaphanosoma.

Isolated and mixed continuous cultures of Daphnia hyalina and Diaphanosoma brachyurum in lake water were maintained under laboratory conditions to elucidate demographic effects of competition. Population dynamics curves were obtained. Interspecific competition was revealed by the decrease in the average density of animals in the mixed versus isolated cultures and by the extinction of one species in the presence of the other. Within the first 50 days either Diaphanosoma (4 cases) or Daphnia (1 case) was the superior competitor, depending on the initial conditions. Further cultivation resulted in the extinction of Diaphanosoma in the mixed cultures. There were no statistically significant differences between the maximum rates of population increase (r m ) in Daphnia and Diaphanosoma at the concentration of edible algae about 2·105 µm3ml-1(0.293 and 0.286 days-1, respectively). Time lags for density-dependent parameters of the populations were evaluated by means of rank cross-correlations. Regardless of the species identity the time lags of fecundity, birth rate, and the rate of population growth were significantly higher in the superior competitor. The initial conditions of culturing affected the time lags which in their turn influenced the outcome of the interaction. Enhanced competitive ability due to the maximized time lags in Daphnia was not associated with the loss of population stability. Conversely, it brought about destabilization of Diaphanosoma populations which seemed to be the ultimate cause of its extinction observed in the end of the experiment. Time lag of the population growth rate was well predicted based on the half-sum of time lags in birth and death rates (r2=0.80, P<0.001). Daphnia responded to competition with a sharp shortening of the time lags of fecundity, birth rate, and the population growth rate. It increased clutch size and showed inverse relationship between the fecundity time lag and average fecundity even though it was strongly suppressed by Diaphanosoma. The competitive ability was not related to the percentage of adults in the populations. In contrast to the current belief the major result of interspecific competition in the experiment was not a decrease in the rate of population growth but was a reduction in population time lags.

[Clinical dynamics of cenesto-hypochondriacal neurosis-like disorders in schizophrenia with onset in adolescence (clinico-catamnestic study)]. / Klinicheskaia dinamika senestoipokhondricheskikh nevrozopodobnykh rasstroistv pri shizofrenii, nachavsaheisia v podrostkovom vozraste (kliniko-katamnesticheskoe issledovanie).

For 10-15 years the authors studied the time-course of neurosis-like disturbances in 46 patients with schizophrenia manifested in adolescence with cenesthopathic symptomatology (23 patients presented the cenesthopathic-hypochondriac syndrome, in 17 cenesthopathia was attended by phobias, in 6 it was combined with manifestations of derealization and depersonalization). The study showed that in 87% of the observations the disease ran continuously (torpidly in 29, by the type of the simple form in 5 and by the type of the paranoid form in 6 patients), in 13% of the patients the disease ran a paroxysm-progressive course. In 10-15 years the clinical picture in half of the patients continued to be characterized by the leading cenestho-hypochondriac symptomatology, in one-fourth of patients cenestho-hypochondriac disturbances were transformed into hallucinational-paranoid, in another one-fourth of patients into either psychosis-like or apathoabulic (by the type of the simple form) symptomatology. The authors discuss the degree of progression of the disease in different variants of its course, the social and marital status of patients, the specificity of personality changes and peculiarities of disease relapses.

[Clinico-psychological analysis of the complaints of patients with neurotic and neurosis-like conditions (based on material from a general-somatic hospital)]. / Kliniko-psikhologicheskii analiz zhalob bol'nykh s nevroticheskimi i nevrozopodobnymi sostoianiiami (na materiale obshchesomaticheskogo statsionara).

To study the patient's insight into the disease, the authors have reviewed the results of the follow-up of 366 patients with such somatic illnesses as coronary heart disease, essential hypertension, gastric and duodenal ulcers, chronic non-specific colitis, bronchial asthma, and chronic pneumonia. Four types of complaints have been identified, including (1) concrete-sensitive; (2) affective; (3) conceptualizing; and (4) evaluative-esthetising. These complaints were established to depend on the development of the psychological defense mechanisms. The data obtained are necessary not only for solving the questions of the differential diagnosis and multimodality therapy but also complying with the principles of medical deontology in the work of the physician of a general somatic hospital, encountering borderline psychopathologic disturbances.

[Clinical features of several variants of schizophrenia in adolescence. I]. / K voprosu o klinicheskikh osobennostiakh nekotorykh variantov shizofrenii v podrostkovom vozraste (soobshchenie I).

A total of 87 schizophrenic patients (39 boys and 48 girls), with a psychopathlike syndrome and deviant behaviour were examined. On the basis of the clinical picture and type of development of the disease, 2 groups of patients (from 14-18 years) were distinguished. The first group included patients who by their clinical traits belonged to heboid schizophrenia and were observed in the framework of a one-attack shiftlike development of the process. In the second group the psychopathlike syndrome was expressed in the presence of increasing personality changes, while the development of the process was a sluggish type.

[Clinico-psychopathologic features of non-process forms of deviant behavior in adolescence]. / Kliniko-psikhopatologicheskie osobennosti neprotsessual'nykh form deviantnogo povedeniia v podrostkovom vozraste.

Clinico-psychopathological traits of non-process forms of deviant behaviour in adolescents were studied in the framework of pathological personality formation. Two variants in the development of the disease were distinguished: favourable and unfavourable. Some differential diagnostic criteria are outlined which permit to delineate this form of borderline pathology from a debut of schizophrenia in adolescency. The study includes a consideration of the disturbed system of relationships of the personality in the adolescents examined.

[Clinical picture and features of the course of protracted psychogenic asthenic disorders]. / Klinika i osobennosti techeniia zatiazhnykh psikhogennykh astenicheskikh rasstroistv.

On the basis of a clinico-dynamical and paraclinical (mathematico-statistical, electrophysiological, experimental-psychological) study of 122 patients with the asthenical form of neurosis 2 main groups were distinguished: protracted asthenical neurosis and neurotical personality development. Different clinical varieties, common symptoms, typical for each form and the therapeutical-preventive measures are determined.

[Clinical variants of neurosis development in persons blinded at a mature age]. / Klinicheskie varianty nevroticheskogo razvitiia u lits, oslepshikh v zrelom vozraste

On the basis of clinical, experimental psychological and EEG data of 133 blind patients 4 types of neurotical personality development were distinguished: asthenical, hysterical, obsessive and hypochondrical. Each of these variants had its certain clinical traits. On all phases of the disease which were related to a sudden loss of sight, the authors mark the necessity of a manifold medical treatment and psychotherapeutical approach directed towards a sociovocational adaptation.

[Ultrastructure of neurons from the motor region of the cerebral cortex following exposure to lysergamide (LSD) and haloperidol]. / Nekotorye osobennosti ul'trastruktury neironov dvigatel'noi oblasti kory golovnogo mozga pri vozdeistvii lizergamida (LSD) i galoperidola

The authors describe certain ultrastructural changes in neurons of the cortical motor zone in rats after the administration of haloperidol and LSD in combination with haloperidol. The study took place 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after the administration of the drugs. LSD caused certain neuron changes --a lucid swelling. An increase in the number of large neurons with a hyperchronic staining of the cytoplasm and an increased intensively stained nuclei was characteristic of haloperidol action. A significant increase of the surface of granular endoplasmatic reticulum and ribosomes was observed in the large hyperchromic neurons. The action of haloperidol on the development of LSD intoxication is regarded as a protective one.